什么是化合物
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参考答案:由不同种元素组成的纯净物。如水H2O，高锰酸钾KMnO4、十水碳酸钠Na2CO3·10H2O等都是化合物。化合物是元素以化合态存在的具体形式。它具有固定的组成，即组成该化合物的元素种类、质量比和各元素的原子个数比均是固定不变的。由于化合物的组成固定，所以可以用元素符号和数字表示它的组成，这就是化学式（或分子式）。就水来说，从宏观上看，纯净的水是由氢氧两种元素组成的，氢元素和氧元素的质量比为1∶8；从微观看，水是由同一种分子——水分子构成的，每个水分子由2个氢原子和1个氧原子构成。由于水的组成固定不变，所以可以用分子式H2O来表示水的组成。化合物种类繁多，达一千多万种，有的化合物由阴阳离子构成，如氯化钠NaCl、硫酸铵(NH4)2SO4等；有的化合物由分子构成，如氨气NH3、甲烷CH4、五氧化二磷P2O5、二硫化碳CS2等；有的化合物由原于构成，如二氧化硅SiO2、碳化硅SiC等。化合物可以分为无机化合物（不含碳的化合物）和有机化合物（含碳的化合物，除CO、CO2、H2CO3和碳酸盐等）两大类。按化学性质的不同，可以把化合物分为氧化物、酸类、碱类和盐类。