动名词与不定式做形式主语或形式宾语时有什么不同?
如:It's difficult to climb a mountain.
It's difficult climbing a mountain.
It's dangerous to play with fire.
It's dangerous playing with fire.
具体怎样选择进行使用?
参考答案:1。做主语
不定式与动名词作主语一般来说区别不大,有时两者可以互换。
一般来说,动名词表示抽象动作或是说话人的习惯、爱好;而不定式表示具体的、一次性动作。例如:
Smoking is prohibited here. 此处禁止吸烟。(抽象动作)
It’s not good for you to smoke too much. 你抽那么多烟不太好。
(具体动作)
2.作宾语
1)在动词start,begin,continue,cease等后面,通常情况下不定式和动名词作宾语区别不大。如;
They start taking/to talk about the matter.
他们开始讨论那件事了。
2)在动词like,love,hate,prefer等后面,动名词表示抽象或习惯性的动作,不定式表示具体的、一次性的动作。如:
I like taking a walk after supper.我喜欢晚饭后散步。
It is very hot today. I like to swim after dinner.
今天很热,我想饭后去游泳。
3)有些动词接动名词或不定式时意义完全不同:
●remember,forget,regret后接动名词表示已完成的动作,接不定式表示未完成的动作。如:
You must remember to post the letter. 你一定要记得寄信。
I remember posting the letter.我记得已经寄出那封信了。
She forgot to tell her mother about it.她忘了把这件事告诉母亲。
She forgot telling mother about it.她忘了曾告诉过母亲这件事。
I regret to say that I can’t come.我很抱歉,不能来了。
I regret spending so much money.我很后悔花了这么多钱。
●try to do意为“尽力做”,try doing意为“试着做”
Try to be here on time.请尽量按时到这里来。
If the car won’t start,try pushing it.如果这车发动不起来,就试着推一推它。
●stop to do意为“停下来去做另外一件事”,stop doing意为“停下正在做的事”:
He stopped to smoke.他停下来开始吸烟。
He stopped smoking.他戒烟了。
●go on to do意为“接着做不同的事”,go on doing意为“继续做同一件事”:
After writing,he went on to read.写完字后,他接着读书。
He went on working without taking a rest.他一直工作,没有停下来休息过。