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糖化酶类包括单糖、双糖和多糖等许多种类,它们是碳水化合物中最重要的一部分,也是构成机体的重要物质。其中,糖蛋白质与细胞膜的组成成分,黏蛋白参与结缔组织的组成,糖化酶脂参与组成神经组织等等。此外,糖类还以肌糖无和肝糖元的形式贮存于机体内,为生命活动提供了最重要的能源。所以,糖类对人体健康有十分重要的作用。每100克重鲜仙人掌含总糖7100毫克,属于低糖食品。在当前人们生活水平普遍提高,糖化酶摄入量不断增加,并由此给人类健康带来潜在危害,以及很多人体重超标,面临减肥的情况下,低糖、低热量的绿色保健食品对提高人类健康水平无疑将产生积极作用。
维生素是人体不可缺少的有机营养物质,它虽然不是构成机体组强的基本成分,也不为机体活动提供热能,但却对人体生化过程和生理活动的调节起重要作用。维生素在人体内含量虽低,却是生长发育和新陈代谢不可缺少的物质。人体如果缺少了某种维生素,就会得相应的疾病。维生素大多不能在体内合成,或合成量极少而必须从食物中摄取。仙人掌每100克含维生素A0。22毫克,超过了番茄40%。维生素C含量为15。9-20。9毫克,超过了梨和桃。此外,还含有维生素B1和维生素B2。食用200克仙人掌,就能满足正常人一天维生素需要量的50%。
微量元素在人全内的含量虽然不多,但它们常与酶、激素、维生素及核酸等活动物质结合在一起,参与机体的重要代谢过程,与人体健康息息相关,因而越来越引起人们的重视。仙人掌每100克含钙310毫克,镁110毫克铁4毫克,比粮食、蔬菜、水果和鱼、肉、蛋都高,铜、锌含量和鱼、肉、蛋及其他水果、蔬菜相近。
仙人掌含有较丰富的有机酸,如柠檬酸、苹果酸、琥珀酸、酒石酸等,这些有机酸可直接参与人体内的生化循环。
从仙人掌的营养成分分析不难看出,仙人掌含有种类营养物质,特别是含有 较多的氨基酸、维生素和微量元素,营养比较丰富而全面,且大部分都处于适宜范围之内。同时,仙人掌还具有低脂肪、低热量(每100克仙人掌仅产生热量25~30千卡,即100130千焦)、粗纤维丰富和不含草酸等特点,从营养学角度来看,仙人掌对人体特别是对广大青少年的身体和智力发育以及对中老年人的身体健康都十分有益。因而是一个较为理想的绿色保健植物食品。
仙人掌的药理作用及其临床应用
仙人掌除了含有人体必需的多种氨基酸、维生素和微量元素等营养成分之外,还含有许多生理活性很强的药用成分,如抱壁莲、玉芙蓉、角蒂仙、三萜化合物及黄酮类物质等。因此,仙人掌的药理作用是多方面的,它涉及到抑菌、抗炎、免疫、降低糖、降血脂及抗癌等范畴。经过长期的实践,前人已经总结了仙人掌清热解毒,消肿散瘀,补脾健胃,镇静安神的功效,以及治疗疔肿疮痈,蛇虫咬伤和烧伤冻伤等多种病患的经验,丰富了祖国医学宝库。而近代医学又从大量的分析化验、病理学实验和临床医疗中,进一步揭示了仙人掌的一些药理作用,在探索未知中又向前迈进了一步。
通常认为,仙人掌所含的某些有机酸等具有一定的抑菌作用。仙人掌的异鼠李素和槲皮素的葡萄糖甙、异槲皮甙及三萜化合物。对金黄葡萄球菌、枯草杆菌等有抑制作用。陈淑冰等的实验,仙人掌水煎液对急性和慢性炎症均有明显的抑制作用。
仙人掌所含的许多多糖类物质有增强机体免疫的作用。有人发现,仙人掌水提取液对小白鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬功能有明显的促进作用,从一个角度证明仙人掌是免疫增强剂。仙人掌提取液对唾液淀粉酶有激活作用。仙人掌中的胰淀粉酶激活剂是氯离子。此外,仙人掌对胃溃疡的创面有保护作用。
参考答案:Glucoamylase includes monosaccharide, disaccharide and polysaccharide and many other types of carbohydrates they are the most important part. also constitute an important body of material. Among them, the composition of the membrane protein and sugar, the sticky protein component of connective tissue involvement. Glucoamylase lipid composition of neural participating organizations, and so on. In addition, no sugar and carbohydrates also to muscle in vivo glycogen storage in the form of the most important activities of life energy. Therefore, the role of carbohydrates is very important to human health. Per 100 grams of fresh cactus containing 7100 mg total sugar, sugar is food. In the current general improvement of people's living, glucoamylase intake increasing, and thus potentially harmful to human health. weight and a lot of people exceeding the situation facing slimming, low-sugar, Green low calorie health food raise the level of human health will undoubtedly have a positive effect. Human vitamin is essential organic substances, while it does not constitute a strong body of the core components group. not to provide body heat, but the physiological and biochemical processes of human activities play an important role in regulating. Although low vitamin content in the human body, it is indispensable to the growth and metabolism of the material. If a lack of certain vitamins body would corresponding diseases. Most of the body of vitamin synthesis, synthesis or from food intake to be minimal. Cactus containing vitamin A0.22 milligrams per 100 grams, more than 40% of the tomato. 15.9-20.9 mg of vitamin C, more than a pear and peach. In addition, it also contains vitamin B1 and vitamin B2. 200 grams of edible cactus, we will be able to meet the 50% requirement of vitamin normal day. The content of trace elements in human whole although few, but they are often associated with enzymes, hormones, DNA material combination of vitamins and other activities, an important metabolic process in the body, and is closely related to human health. thus drawn increasing attention. Cactus 310 milligrams per 100 grams of calcium, magnesium 110 mg 4 mg iron than grains, vegetables, fruits and fish, meat, eggs, copper, zinc and fish, meat, eggs and other fruits, vegetables similar. Cactus contains abundant organic acids such as citric acid, malic acid, succinic acid, tartaric acid, These organic acids can be directly involved in the body's biological cycle. It is not difficult to see from the analysis of the nutritional content of cactus, cactus species containing nutrients, Special contain more amino acids, vitamins and trace elements, and comprehensive nutrient rich. Most are in suitable areas. Meanwhile, the cactus is also low in fat, low calorie (25-30 calories per 100 grams have only cactus kilocalories Coke is 100130 1000), crude fiber and rich in oxalic acid free features from the nutritional point of view. Cactus especially for the large numbers of young people to human health and intellectual development and the health of the elderly are very useful. Hence it is a more desirable health green plant foods. Cactus Cactus addition to the pharmacological effects and clinical application of the human body contains a variety of essential amino acids. vitamins and trace nutrients, but also contains many strong physiological activity of the medicinal ingredients, such as Lu have wall. Yu Fu-angle Chretien cents triterpenoids and flavonoid substances. Therefore, the pharmacological effects of various cactus, which relates to the antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and immune to reduce sugar fat and cancer areas. After a long period of practice, has summed up the cactus Qingrejiedu predecessors, XIAOZHONGSANYU, Bupiyichang Soa, tranquilizing effect. and the treatment of boils swollen sores carbuncle, frostbite and other Snake bite and burn patients experience a rich treasure trove of Chinese Medicine. Modern medicine and from a lot of analysis and testing, and clinical pathology laboratory. Cactus further revealed some of the pharmacological effects, explore the unknown also represents a step forward. People usually believe that the cactus contains certain organic acids such as certain antibiotic effects. Cacti quercetin glucoside and isorhamnetin, ISOQUERCITRIN and triterpenoids. Of Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis such inhibition. Chen Shu-ice experiment cacti decoction of acute and chronic inflammation of inhibition. cactus contains many more substances to enhance immune to the role of carbohydrates. It was found that the water extract of the cactus mouse peritoneal macrophage phagocytosis of significantly enhancing effect. Cactus is a way to prove immunostimulants. Cactus extract on enzyme activity of salivary amylase. Cactus is the amylase activator of chloride ion. In addition, the protective effect of a cactus on ulcer wounds.