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近几年，中国医学科学院药用植物研究所等部门对仙人掌的营养成分进行了分析，还有一些杂志和专著也陆续报道了仙人掌所含的营养成分，本文对以上各结果进行了整理，综合归纳如下，（表内数字为每100克鲜掌所含毫克数）。
成分
含量（毫克/100克）
成分
含量（毫克/100克）
蛋白质
750~1300
维生素A
0.22
脂肪
210
维生素
0.02~0.04
总糖
7100
维生素
0.01~0.03
维生素
15.9~20.9
天门冬氨酸
5.44
钾
317.0
谷氨酸
59.53
钙
310
丝氨酸
3.23
镁
110
组氨酸
23.75
铁
4.0
甘氨酸
7.70
锌
0.71
精氨酸
25.16
铜
0.136
苏氨酸
17.97
钴
0.1
丙氨酸
26.88
镍
0.1
脯氨酸
4.98
钼
0.004
酪氨酸
22.50
磷
17.0
缬氨酸
29.06
硒
0.001
蛋氨酸
9.30
柠檬酸
适量
胱氨酸
2.47
苹果酸
适量
亮氨酸
36.41
琥珀酸
适量
异氨酸
22.19
酒石酸
适量
苯丙氨酸
20.94
赖氨酸
18.28
精纤维
丰富
从仙人掌的营养成分来看，大致可归纳为以下几类：①蛋白质和氨基酸；②脂肪；③糖类，常为多聚糖类，由L—阿拉伯糖、D—半乳糖所组成；④维生素；⑤微量元素；⑥有机酸。
蛋白质是生命的基础，无论原核生物，不是真核生物，它们的基本结构都离不开蛋白质。蛋白质不仅是构成一切原生质体的基础物质，而且还是生物化学反应的催化剂——各种酶类的基本组成成分，同时，它又和脂肪、糖类共同成为生命活动最重要的能源，可以说，没有蛋白质就没有生命。蛋白质是由几十种氨基酸所组成，人体内的氨基酸有20余种，其中有些种类是人体不能合成，或合成的数量极少而必须从食物中摄取的，这些氨基酸被称为人体必需氨基酸。近代科学研究表明，人体必需氨基酸有亮氨酸、异亮氨酸、赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、苯丙氨酸、苏氨酸、色氨酸、缬氨酸，对婴儿来说，组氨酸也是必需的。在人体内，由于有胱氨酸而节省了蛋氨酸，有酪氨酸而节省了苯丙氨酸，因而这两种被除数称为人体必需氨基酸。近年的研究发现，氨基乙磺酸亦为人体所必需，它对婴儿的智力发育尤为重要以上氨基酸共12种，统称为人体必需氨基酸，而其它氨基酸如甘氨酸、羟脯氨酸、丙氨酸、丝氨酸、胱氨酸、精氨酸、脯氨酸等统称为人体非必需氨基酸。由于氨基酸在水中溶解性好，极易被人体吸收，因而富含氨基酸的食品一直被视为营养价值食品。仙人掌成分分析表明，在12种人体必需氨基酸中，仙人掌即含有10种，且每种的含量也较多，从十几到二十几毫克/100克，这也正是它对人类健康的价值所在。
脂肪是人体不可缺少的组成部分，常以各种磷脂和糖脂等形式存在于细胞膜以及脑和外周神经组织中。脂肪可促进脂溶性的维生素A、维生素D、维生素E、维生素V和胡萝卜素有吸收。此外，中性脂肪贮存于机体内，为生命活动提供重要能源。可见，一定量的脂肪对人体健康是十分有益的。但是，如果体内脂肪含量超过标准就会产生弊端。仙人掌脂肪含量较少，第100克重鲜仙人掌仅含脂肪210毫克，因而属于低脂肪保健食品。
参考答案:In recent years, some departments such as “Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Science” has analyzed the nutritional ingredients contained in Opuntia dillenii in parallel with consecutive reports of some journals and special literatures. This paper summarized the results mentioned above.
(The numbers in the table are compounds (mg) contained in 100 g fresh Opuntia dillenii).
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Ingredients Content (mg /100 g) Ingredients Content (mg /100 g)
Protein 750~1300 VitaminA 0.22
Fats 210 Vitamin 0.02~0.04
Total sugars 7100 Vitamin 0.01~0.03
Vitamin 15.9~20.9 Aspartic acid 5.44
K 317.0 Glutamate 59.53
Ca 310 Serine 3.23
Mg 110 Histidine 23.75
Fe 4.0 Glycine 7.70
Zn 0.71 Arginine 25.16
Cu 0.136 Threonine 17.97
Co 0.1 AIanine 26.88
Ni 0.1 Proline 4.98
Mo 0.004 Tyrosine 22.50
P 17.0 Valine 29.06
Se 0.001 Methionine 9.30
Citric acid Trace Cystine 2.47
Malic acid Trace Leucine 36.41
Succinic acid Trace iso-Leucine 22.19
Tartaric acid Trace Phenylalanine 20.94
Lysine 18.28 Fine fibers Rich
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In recent years, some departments such as “Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Science” has analyzed the nutritional ingredients contained in Opuntia dillenii in parallel with consecutive reports of some journals and special literatures. This paper summarized the results mentioned above.
The nutritional ingredients contained in Opuntia dillenii can generally be induced several types as follows: 1.Proteins and amino acids; 2. fats; 3.Sugars (usually polycarbohydrates being composed of L-arabinose and D-galactose); 4.Vitamins; 5.Trace elements; 6 Organic acids.
Protein are the foundation of lives for neither the basic structures of the prokaryotic microorganisms nor those of the eukaryotic microorganisms need proteins. They are not only the fundamental components of all the protoplasts, but also the fundamental components of various enzymes being the biological catalyzers. Meanwhile, the combination of proteins, fats, and sugars is the most important energy-supplied substance in bio-actions, frankly speaking, lives can not survival without proteins. Proteins are composed of several tens of amino acids, among them more than 20 amino acids present in human bodies. Part of the amino acids can not be synthesed by the human bodies or they can be synthesed with extremly trace quantities and must be intaken from food, which are called “essential amino acids(EAA)”. Modern scientific researches showed that human EAA included leucine, isoleucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine, histidine is also essential to babies. The presence of tyrosine in human bodies can save phenylalanine, thus these two amino acids are called “semi-essential amino acids”. Recent researches also found that 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid was also essential to human bodies, which is specially important for the development of baby’s intelligence. 12 amino acids species are generally called “human EAA”, while other amino acids such as glycine, hydroxyproline, alanine, serine, cystine, cysteine, aspartic acid, asparagine, glutamate, glutamine, tyrosine, arginine, proline, etc, are generally called ” non-essential amino acids”., Amino acids are extremly easy to be digested and absorbed by human bodies for they are water-soluble, thus food contained rich amino acids is considered as high nutritional value food. The analysis of Opuntia dillenii’s ingredients showed that Opuntia dillenii contained 10 EAAs of 12 human EAAs, and each human EAA was contained in a fairly large content ranging from >10 to >20 mg/100 g, this is just its value for human’s health.
Fats are essential components in human bodies and often prensent in cell membrane and brain & peripheral nerve tissues in the forms of various phospholipids and glycosphingolipids. They can promote the adsorption of ester-soluble Vitamin A, Vitamin D, Vitamin E, Vitamin V, and carotene. Additionally, neutral fats are stored in bodies providing the energy resource for bio-action. Therefore, fats of suitable content are benefit for health. However, if fat content in the body excesses the standard they are harmful for health. Opuntia dillenii contains little fats, and 100 g fresh Opuntia dillenii only contains 210 mg fats, thus it belongs to low-fat health-caring food.