什么是介词?介词有哪些?
如题
参考答案:介词的基本用法
介词的基本用法
介词 (preposition) 又称前置词，是英语中最活跃的词类之一，它表示的是它后面的名词或代词(或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句)与其他句子成分的关系。
介词可分为下列三类：
1. 简单介词，如：
about, above, across, after, against, among, at, before, behind, below, beneath, beside, besides, beyond, but, by, down, during, except, for, from, in, like, near, of, off, on, over, past, round, since, through, to towards, under, until, till, up, with
2. 合成介词，如：
inside, into, onto, outside, throughout, upon, within, without
3. 短语介词，如：
according to, along with, apart from, as for, as to, because of, by means of, in front of, in spite of, instead, in accordance with, on account of, on behalf of , owing to, due to, together with, up to, with regard to, next to, prior to
介词不能单独充当句子成分，它必须与名词或相当于名词作用的成分构成介词短语才能充当 句子的成分。
二、介词短语的句法功能
1. 作定语，例如：
I have lost the key to the door of my room.
我把房间的钥匙丢了。
三、介词的固定搭配
1. At
be good at 精通于
be annoyed at 对……烦恼
be angry at 对 (事) ……发怒
(take) aim at 瞄准
laugh at 因……而发笑
stare at 盯着看，凝视
at the best 充其量
at first 开始
at large 自由地
at least 至少，起码
at length 最后，终于
at once 立即，马上
at present 现在
at rest 休息，静止不动
at times 间或，有时
He was angry at his brother's remark.
他对他兄弟的批评很恼火。
I don't know him but he has been staring at me for ten minutes.
我不认识他，但是他盯了我足有十分钟。
The foreign countries' attempt at a blockade of the port was unsuccessful.
外国试图对这个港口实施封锁，但没有成功。
I know I am at fault.
我知道我错了。
The escaped prisoner is still at large.
那逃犯仍逍遥法外。
He is at present away on his holidays.
他现在到外地度假去了。
2. About
careful about 小心
particular about 对……讲究
careless about 粗心
doubtful about 对……怀疑
sure about 肯定
concerned about 担心
a complaint about 抱怨，叫屈
bring about 导致，引起
care about 关心，介意
leave about 乱放，乱扔
fuss about 大惊小怪
anxious about 担心，想念
例如：
How did it come about?
那事是怎样发生的?
She is crazy about pop music.
她对流行音乐着了迷。
English people are always making complaints about their weather.
英国人老是埋怨天气不好。
He is enthusiastic about the music of Brahams.
他热衷于布拉姆斯的乐曲。
Harry likes eating very much but he isn't very particular about the food he eats.
哈里很爱吃，但对他所吃的食物倒并不讲究。
3. Against
fight against 反对
immune against 免除……
vote against 投票反对
protect … against 保护……免受
stand against 反对，经受住
an accusation against 控制，谴责
a prejudice against 偏见，万岁
guard against 防护
protest against 反对，抗议
rise against 起来反抗
run against 对……不利，违反
strive against 和……斗争
a defence against 防护，保卫
a protest against 抗议，反对
例如：
I protest against their criticism.
我对他们的批评提出抗议。
He made a false accusation against his boss.
他诬告上司。
Those clothes don't give you much protection against the cold.
那些衣服不能使你御寒。
He should guard against passing on disease to his family.
他应当注意别把病传给自己家里的人。
4. By
abide by 遵守
pull … by 拉住
by mistake 弄错，失误
by virtue of 靠，由于
by means of 使用
by aid of 借助于
by way of 经由
by force 以武力，强迫地
by marriage 联姻而产生的
例如：
He is by nature a kind, generous fellow.
他是个天性和蔼慷慨的人。
They sent the letter to me by mistake.
他们误把那封信送给了我。
The old Roman armies had several generals who took command by turns.
古罗马的军队由几位大将轮流指挥。
By virtue of his victory, he felt he could do what he pleased.
由于胜利，他感到可以想干什么就干什么了。
I probably know him by sight but not by name.
我大概见面认识他，不过叫不上名字。
5. For
competent for 胜任
for good 永远
for the sake of 为……缘故
for the better 好转
for the purpose of 为……目的
for a change 改变一下
for the time being 暂时
for fear of 免得
an affection for 爱，爱情
application for 申请
(make) preparation for 为……作准备
blame for 责怪，责备
cause for 理由
readiness for 为……准备就绪
an occasion for 时机，机会
contempt for 轻蔑，藐视
a demand for 需要，需求
evidence for 证据，根据
a fondness for 喜欢
a reason for 理由，原因
a respect for 尊敬，尊重
a search for 搜寻，找寻
例如：
I should like to repeat my opening remarks for the benefit of those who just came in.
我愿重复一下我的开场白，以便让刚入场的人也能听到。
She got up early to be ready for the post.
为了静心等候邮件，她一早就起床了。
New York is famous for its skyscrapers.
纽约以其摩天大楼而著称。
His excuse for being late was that his train was delayed.
他晚到的理由是火车晚点了。
This new school will have no playground for the time being.
这所新学校将暂时没有操场。
If one does not have respect for oneself, one can't expect others to respect him.
如果一个人不能自重，那么就别指望别人尊敬他。
Nobody knows the age of the earth for certain.
没有人确切知道地球的年龄。
6. From
differ from 与……不同，相异
dismiss … from 解雇，使……离职
infer … from 从……推论出
prevent … from 阻止，防碍
protect … from 保护……以免
resign from 辞职
suffer from 受……之苦
tell … from 把……与……区分开来
from a distance 从远处，远远地
from the heart 诚心诚意地
from the first 从一开始
例如：
You may even have entered the shop just to find shelter from a sudden shower.
你甚至可以到店里去避避雨。
From the first I disliked him.
从一开始我就不喜欢他。
The number of people suffering from heart disease has increased.
患心脏病的人数已经上升了许多。
Allen and I are in the same history class, but his assignment is different from mine.
爱伦和我在同一个历史班，但他的作业跟我的不同。
assist in 帮助做某事
consist in 在于
engage in 从事，参与
give in 让步，妥协
specialize in 专攻，专门研究
take in 欺骗，收容
belief in 信仰，相信
a delight in 以……为乐
an expert in 专家，能手
in fact 事实上
in the event of 万一
in one's opinion 据……见解
in bloom 开着花
in the direction of 朝……方向
in comparison with 与……比较
in possession of 拥有，占有
in view of 由于，考虑到
in any event 无论如何
in the course of 在……过程中
in short 简言之
believe in 信仰，信赖
end in 以……告终
excel in (在某方面)突出地好
invest … in 在……投资
succeed in 在……方面获得成功
participate in 参加
confidence in 信任，相信
difficulty in 困难，困境
pleasure in 高兴
a rise in 上涨，增长
(there is no) point in (做某事没)有意义
There's no harm in 不妨
a specialist in 专家
an interest in 兴趣，关心
participation in 参加
trouble in 苦恼，麻烦
interested in 对……感兴趣
fortunate in 有幸
constant in 对……持久
lacking in 缺乏
expert in 在……熟练
confident in 信任
in time 及时
in the interest of 为了……利益
例如：
We hoped that we should have confidence in each other again.
我们希望我们应再次彼此信任。
He listened in while we were discussing this question.
他窃听了我们讨论的这个问题。
In conclusion, I shall not accept the invitation.
总之，我是不会接受邀请的。
We must give up this plan for we are lacking in funds.
我们必须放弃这一计划，因为我们缺少资金。
This shop specializes in tea and coffee.
这家商店专营茶叶和咖啡。
He wants to have a rise in wages.
他想要增加工资。
In comparison with England, Ireland has a small population.
与英格兰相比，爱尔兰人口很少。
8. Into
argue … into 说服……做
frighten … into 恐吓……做
plunge into 投身于
run into 碰见
turn … into 把……变成
divide … into 把……分成
translate … into 把……翻译成
force … into 迫使……做
crash into 撞到……上
burst into 突然开始，爆发出
burst into 闯入
inquire into 调查
reason … into 说服……做
talk … into 说服……做
trick … into 诱骗……做
deceive … into 欺骗……去做
pull into 到达，开进
cut into 减轻，减少
change … into 把……变成
break into 突然闯入
例如：
On hearing the sad news, she burst into tears.
一听到这一不幸消息，她突然哭了起来。
The taxi driver pulled into a roadside restaurant to get something to eat.
出租车司机把车开到路边饭店打算吃点东西。
They frightened the old lady into signing the contract.
他们吓嘘老太太签了合同。
9. Of
worthy of 值得
tired 厌倦
considerate of 体贴
aware of 知道
conscious of 认识到
proud of 骄傲
composed of 由……组成
certain of 确信
regardless of 不管
fond of 喜爱
cautious of 小心
innocent of 清白，无罪
approve of 赞成，批准
consist of 由……组成
inform … of 通知
rob … of 抢劫
convince … of 使……确信
deprive … of 剥夺，使……丧失
dispose of 处理
suspect … of 怀疑
guilty of 犯罪
ignorant of 忽视
accuse … of 控告(某人)
assure … of 使……确信
hear of 听说
remind … of 使想起，提醒
smell of 有……气味
cure … of 治愈……病
die of 死于
speak of 谈到，提及
例如：
Mr. Green told us that he was ashamed of having a black sheep in the family.
Three students were accused of cheating in the examination.
He is worthy of the honour.
This hotel reminds me of the one we stayed in last year.
They deprived the criminal of his rights.
I was sick of her way of dancing.
10. To
access to 进入，通道
attention to 注意
exposure to 暴露
injury to 损伤，伤害
an objection to 反对
dedication to 献身，热爱
resistance to 阻力，抵抗
similarity to 类似，相似
similar to 相似，相同
indifferent to 不在乎
equal to 等于
devoted to 献身于
contrary to 违反，相反
adapt to 使习惯
amount to 相当于，等于
confess to 承认
owe … to 把……归功于
report to 报到
stick to 坚持
to a certain extent 在一定程度上
to one's satisfaction 使……满意
to the utmost 尽力
an attitude to 态度
(attach) importance to 重视
a limit 限制
contribution to 贡献，捐助
a disgrace to 耻辱
a response to 反应，响应
a visit to 访问，拜访
relevant to 对……有关
inferior to 比……下等
grateful to 感激
insensitive to 迟钝
parellel to 平行
add to 增加，加强
belong to 属于
lead to 导致
prefer to 宁可，更喜欢
sentence … to 宣判
turn to 求助于
to one's liking 合……胃口
to one's face 当面
to one's benefit 对……有益
to one's taste 合……胃口
参考资料：