关于构造赫夫曼树的问题 ?
关于构造赫夫曼树的问题 ?
构造赫夫曼树
要求：根据任意给定若干结点的权值，构造一棵最优二叉树并给出对应的编码。
怎么写算法，多谢大家了
参考答案:#include"stdio.h"
#include"stdlib.h"
#include"string.h"
typedef char ElemType;
typedef struct
{
ElemType elem;
unsigned int m_weight;
unsigned int parent,lchild,rchild;
}HTNode,*HuffmanTree;
typedef char** HuffmanCode;
typedef int Status;
typedef struct weight
{
char elem;
unsigned int m_weight;
}Weight; // save the information of the symbolizes;
void HuffmanCoding(HuffmanTree *,HuffmanCode *,Weight *,int);
void Select(HuffmanTree,int,int *,int *);
void OutputHuffmanCode(HuffmanTree,HuffmanCode,int);
Status main(void)
{
HuffmanTree HT;
HuffmanCode HC;
Weight *w;
char c; // the symbolizes;
int i,n; // the number of elements;
int wei; // the weight of a element;
printf("请输入要编码的字符种类数:" );
scanf("%d",&n);
w=(Weight *)malloc(n*sizeof(Weight));
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
printf("输入元素和所占比例:");
scanf("%1s%d",&c,&wei);
w[i].elem=c;
w[i].m_weight=wei;
}
HuffmanCoding(&HT,&HC,w,n);
OutputHuffmanCode(HT,HC,n);
return 1;
}
void HuffmanCoding(HuffmanTree *HT,HuffmanCode *HC,Weight *w,int n)
{
int i,m,s1,s2,start,c,f;
char *cd;
if(n<=1)
return;
m=2*n-1;
(*HT)=(HuffmanTree)malloc((m+1)*sizeof(HTNode));
for(i=1;i<=n;++i)
{
(*HT)[i].elem=w[i-1].elem;
(*HT)[i].m_weight=w[i-1].m_weight;
(*HT)[i].parent=(*HT)[i].lchild=(*HT)[i].rchild=0;
}
for(;i<=m;++i)
{
(*HT)[i].elem='0';
(*HT)[i].m_weight=(*HT)[i].parent=(*HT)[i].lchild=(*HT)[i].rchild=0;
}
for(i=n+1;i<=m;++i)
{
Select(*HT,i-1,&s1,&s2);
(*HT)[s1].parent=i;(*HT)[s2].parent=i;
(*HT)[i].lchild=s1;(*HT)[i].rchild=s2;
(*HT)[i].m_weight=(*HT)[s1].m_weight+(*HT)[s2].m_weight;
}
(*HC)=(HuffmanCode)malloc(n*sizeof(char*));
cd=(char *)malloc(n*sizeof(char));
cd[n-1]='\0';
for(i=1;i<=n;++i)
{
start=n-1;
for(c=i,f=(*HT)[i].parent;f!=0;c=f,f=(*HT)[f].parent)
{
if((*HT)[f].lchild==c) cd[--start]='0';
else cd[--start]='1';
}
(*HC)[i]=(char *)malloc((n-start)*sizeof(char));
strcpy((*HC)[i],&cd[start]);
}
}
void Select(HuffmanTree HT,int n,int *s1,int *s2)
{
int i;
(*s1)=(*s2)=0;
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
if(HT[i].m_weight<HT[(*s2)].m_weight&&HT[i].parent==0&&(*s2)!=0)
{
if(HT[i].m_weight<HT[(*s1)].m_weight)
{
(*s2)=(*s1);
(*s1)=i;
}
else (*s2)=i;
}
if(((*s1)==0||(*s2)==0)&&HT[i].parent==0)
{
if((*s1)==0) (*s1)=i;
else if((*s2)==0)
{
if(HT[i].m_weight<HT[(*s1)].m_weight)
{
(*s2)=(*s1);
(*s1)=i;
}
else (*s2)=i;
} // end of else if
} // end of if
} // end of for
if((*s1)>(*s2))
{
i=(*s1);
(*s1)=(*s2);
(*s2)=i;
}
return;
}
void OutputHuffmanCode(HuffmanTree HT,HuffmanCode HC,int n)
{
int i;
printf("\nnumber---element---weight---huffman code\n");
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
printf(" %d %c %d %s\n",i,HT[i].elem,HT[i].m_weight,HC[i]);
}